3.
Benzodiazepines
Alprazolam (Xanax®), Diazepam (Valium®), Lorazepam (Ativan®)
Linked to increased fall risk and short-term cognitive impairment. Long-term use in older adults is discouraged due to confusion and dependence. Some studies suggest possible dementia link — but confounding factors exist.
4.
Sleep Aids (Non-Benzos)
Zolpidem (Ambien®), Eszopiclone (Lunesta®)
May cause next-day drowsiness, confusion, or memory gaps (especially in elderly). Not proven to cause dementia, but best used short-term.
5.
Statins
Atorvastatin (Lipitor®), Simvastatin (Zocor®)
Rare reports of memory fog — but large studies show statins may actually
reduce
dementia risk by preventing strokes. FDA reviewed and kept them on market with minor warning.
6.
Opioid Painkillers (Chronic Use)
Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Morphine
Long-term use linked to sedation, reduced alertness, and impaired thinking — but not Alzheimer’s-type dementia. Risk increases with age and dose.
7.
Corticosteroids
Prednisone, Methylprednisolone
High doses or prolonged use can cause mood swings, confusion, or delirium (“steroid psychosis”) — usually reversible when stopped.
8.
Antiepileptics (in non-epilepsy use)
Gabapentin, Pregabalin
Used for nerve pain; can cause dizziness and brain fog — especially in seniors. Monitor closely, but benefits often outweigh risks.
