Watch for These Red Flags:
Sores that don’t heal
A patch or ulcer lasting more than 2 weeks
Red or white patches
Leukoplakia (white) or erythroplakia (red) on gums, tongue, or cheeks
Lumps or thickening
In the lip, mouth, or throat
Persistent mouth pain
Especially when chewing or swallowing
Numbness
In the tongue, lips, or face
Loose teeth
Without dental cause
Difficulty moving jaw or tongue
Trouble speaking or chewing
Swelling that affects dentures
Once-fitting dentures now feel loose
Ear pain
Referred pain from advanced tumors
Bleeding, bad breath, and weight loss may occur later.
Key Fact: Some early mouth cancers cause no pain — don’t wait for discomfort.
Common Causes & Risk Factors
While anyone can develop mouth cancer, certain factors greatly increase risk.
1. Tobacco Use (Biggest Risk)
Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes
Chewing tobacco, snuff, or betel quid
Accounts for nearly 80% of oral cancer cases
Even vaping may irritate tissues — long-term risks still being studied
2. Heavy Alcohol Use
Drinking alcohol regularly increases risk
Combined with tobacco? The danger multiplies by up to 30x
3. HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
HPV type 16 is linked to oropharyngeal cancer (back of throat, base of tongue)
Now responsible for over 70% of oropharyngeal cancers
Often affects younger, non-smoking adults
The HPV vaccine helps prevent infection — recommended for teens and young adults
4. Sun Exposure
Increases risk of lip cancer, especially on the lower lip
Farmers, fishermen, outdoor workers are more vulnerable
️ Use SPF lip balm and wear hats
